ManagedCareCGM
This site is intended for managed care professionals in the U.S.
This site is intended for managed care professionals in the U.S.
Professionals in Canada should visit CanadaCGM.com
Professional Guidelines
Latest Research in Diabetes Technology: Highlights from ATTD 2022
Latest Research in Diabetes Technology: Highlights from ATTD 2022
Recap of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) abstracts from the 15th International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD 2022) – where innovation in diabetes medicines and treatments, cutting-edge technologies, and the latest research is presented. These abstracts are pertinent to managed care and payer decision makers and help characterize the value of rtCGM in improving clinical outcomes, decreasing avoidable healthcare utilization, and decreasing the burden of diabetes care management.
Click Here to Download the Highlights
A CGM Expert Interview With Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-BC, BC-ADM
As part of a new series of video resources hosted on ManagedCareCGM.com, Davida F. Kruger, MSN, APN-BC, BC-ADM, Certified Nurse Practitioner at Henry Ford Health System (HFHS)/Health Alliance Plan (HAP), offers her insights on progressive approaches to diabetes coverage and management. She shares HFHS/HAP’s experience in moving continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) from the durable medical equipment (DME) benefit to pharmacy coverage, demonstrating substantial cost savings at the plan level and enhanced access among patients with diabetes who are prescribed any insulin or ≥3 non-insulin medications. Findings from the MOBILE study—on which Ms. Kruger served as an investigator/author—are also detailed, including the benefits associated with real-time CGM (rtCGM) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) for improving glycemic control and meeting quality measures; these findings were particularly noteworthy considering a racially and ethnically diverse study population representing traditionally underserved demographics of patients. A post hoc analysis from MOBILE is likewise discussed, along with its implications for using rtCGM to improve T2D management among Medicare beneficiaries.
Short on time? Click here for an abbreviated version.
Video Resource: ADA Standards of Medical Care: Recommendations for Continuous Glucose Monitoring
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care represent the latest evidence-based recommendations for guiding clinical practice. According to the most recent edition of these guidelines, Level A evidence from the MOBILE study supports the use of real time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D) regardless of regimen. The findings from the MOBILE study likewise demonstrate the value of rtCGM across typically underserved demographics of patients impacted by social determinants of health (SDOH). Taking the ADA recommendations into consideration, payers are formulating coverage policies that facilitate appropriate access to rtCGM, improved outcomes in T2D, and proven per-member-per-month (PMPM) cost savings.
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: The Use of Advanced Technology in the Management of Persons With Diabetes Mellitus
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: The Use of Advanced Technology in the Management of Persons With Diabetes Mellitus
Source:
The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) with a task force of medical experts developed evidence-based guideline recommendations regarding the use of advanced diabetes technology in clinical settings. The guidelines reveal that ensuring universal access to advanced diabetes technologies is anticipated to result in improved glycemia and allowing more persons with diabetes to achieve glycemic targets, improve quality of life, and potentially reduce burden of care. Furthermore, diabetes technology can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical decision-making.
Featured Segments
| Who would benefit from routine use of CGM? |
- CGM is strongly recommended for all persons with diabetes treated with intensive insulin therapy, defined as 3 or more injections of insulin per day or an insulin pump1
- CGM is recommended for:
- All individuals with problematic hypoglycemia (frequent/severe hypoglycemia, nocturnal hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia unawareness).2
- Children/adolescents with T1D.2
- Pregnant women with T1D and T2D treated with intensive insulin therapy.2
- Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on insulin therapy.3
- CGM may be recommended for:
- Women with GDM who are not on insulin therapy.3
- Individuals with T2D who are treated with less intensive insulin therapy.4
| When is one method of CGM (real-time CGM vs. intermittently scanned monitoring) preferred over the other? |
| Real-time CGM should be recommended over intermittently scanned CGM for: | isCGM should be considered for: |
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1Grade A; High Strength of Evidence; BEL 1; 2Grade A; Intermediate-High Strength of Evidence; BEL 1; 3Grade A; Intermediate Strength of Evidence; BEL 1; 4Grade B; Intermediate Strength of Evidence, BEL 1; 5Grade B; Low-Intermediate Strength of evidence; BEL; 6Grade D; Low Strength of Evidence/Expert Opinion of Task Force; BEL 4
NICE Recommends CGM for Diabetes in Pregnancy
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guideline – Diabetes in Pregnancy: Management from Preconception to the Postnatal Period (2020)
Key Takeaway: In December 2020, NICE reviewed the evidence and changed the recommendations on intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM, also commonly referred to as flash) and continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy for women with type 1 diabetes.
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Recommendations for Managing Diabetes During Pregnancy- |
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| 1.3.17 |
Offer continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to all pregnant women with type 1 diabetes to help them meet their pregnancy blood glucose targets and improve neonatal outcomes. |
| 1.3.18 |
Offer intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM, commonly referred to as flash) to pregnant women with type 1 diabetes who are unable to use continuous glucose monitoring or express a clear preference for it. |
| 1.3.19 |
Consider continuous glucose monitoring for pregnant women who are on insulin therapy but do not have type 1 diabetes, if:
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| 1.3.20 |
For pregnant women who are using isCGM or continuous glucose monitoring, a member of the joint diabetes and antenatal care team with expertise in these systems should provide education and support (including advising women about sources of out-of-hours support). |
For a short explanation of why the committee made the 2020 recommendations and how they might affect practice, see the rationale and impact section on flash and continuous glucose monitoring on pages 35-36 in the Guideline. Full details of the evidence and the committee’s discussion are in evidence review A: continuous glucose monitoring.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Medtech Innovation Briefing for Dexcom G6 Real-Time CGM – November 2020
Source:
Key Takeaway: The intended place in therapy is as an alternative to routine blood glucose monitoring in people (over 2 years old), including pregnant women, with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, who use multiple daily insulin injections or use insulin pumps and are self-managing their diabetes. Dexcom G6 could reduce costs and would benefit the healthcare system by improving long-term outcomes, reducing the need for intensive treatment and, in the short term, reducing severe hypoglycaemic events leading to hospital admissions. Remote care may reduce the need for hospital visits.
Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2021
Source: Diabetes Care
Key Takeaway: The ADA Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes provides the most authoritative and current guidelines for diabetes care. The recommendations are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers and payers with the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. Following are ADA recommendations regarding CGM:
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rtCGM should be used continuously for maximal benefit. isCGM should be scanned frequently throughout the day (minimum of once every 8 hours) |
7.9: When used properly, real-time CGM’s in conjunction with multiple daily injections and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (A) and other forms of insulin therapy (C) are a useful tool to lower and/or maintain A1c levels and/or reduce hypoglycemia in adults and youth with diabetes. 7.10: When used properly, intermittently scanned CGM’s in conjunction with multiple daily injections and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (B) and other forms of insulin therapy (C) can be useful and may lower A1c levels and/or reduce hypoglycemia in adults and youth with diabetes to replace self-monitoring of blood glucose. |
Level of Clinical Evidence: A = Clear evidence from well-conducted, generalizable randomized controlled trials that are adequately powered; B = Supportive evidence from well-conducted cohort studies; C = Supportive evidence from poorly controlled or uncontrolled studies
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Consensus Conference of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology
Source: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Conclusion: CGM improves glycemic control, reduces hypoglycemia, and may reduce overall costs of diabetes management. Expanding CGM coverage and utilization is likely to improve the health outcomes of people with diabetes.
